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19 June 2016 : Case report  Japan

Paraneoplastic Erythrocytosis of Colon Cancer, with Serum Erythropoietin within the Normal Reference Range

Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)

Hiromitsu KitayamaABCDEF, Tomonhiro KondoBD, Junko SugiyamaD, Michiaki HirayamaD, Yumiko OyamadaBC, Yasushi TsujiDEG

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.897904

Am J Case Rep 2016; 17:417-420

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Paraneoplastic erythrocytosis can be brought on by ectopic erythropoietin production usually in kidney, brain, and liver tumor with increase of serum erythropoietin level. We report here a paraneoplastic erythrocytosis of colon cancer with serum erythropoietin within the normal reference, which required an immunohistologic test for erythropoietin-antibody to be diagnosed.

CASE REPORT: Our case report was of a 75-year-old woman with erythrocytosis. Her hemoglobin and serum erythropoietin levels were 191 g/dL and 12.6 IU/L (reference range, 9.1–32.8), respectively. Colonoscopy revealed an advanced sigmoid colon tumor 20 mm in diameter. She underwent colectomy, and immunohistochemical examination showed the colon adenocarcinoma was focally positive for erythropoietin-antibody. One month after the surgery, her hemoglobin level decreased to 117 g/L.

CONCLUSIONS: Colon cancer can cause paraneoplastic erythrocytosis, and it is important to consider not simply the absolute serum erythropoietin level but also the serum erythropoietin level relative to simultaneously measured hemoglobin level. We should include paraneoplastic erythrocytosis as a differential diagnosis in cases of high hemoglobin level unexplained by other diseases.

Keywords: Colonic Neoplasms - metabolism, Adenocarcinoma - metabolism, Erythropoietin - metabolism, Paraneoplastic Syndromes - metabolism, Polycythemia - metabolism, Reference Values

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923