BACKGROUND: Diplopia is a symptom with very different etiologies. It may be caused by pathology in the eye, orbit, extraocular muscles, neuromuscular junction, or in the central nervous system.

CASE REPORT: Three clinical cases of hospitalization due to isolated diplopia are presented here, illustrating different etiologies.

CONCLUSIONS: The present article aims to address the differential diagnosis of this clinical condition and to warn of less frequent causes of diplopia, such as adverse effects of commonly used drugs.

Keywords: Brain Ischemia - diagnosis, Diagnosis, Differential, Diplopia - physiopathology, Hypnotics and Sedatives - adverse effects, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Meningeal Neoplasms - diagnosis, Meningioma - diagnosis, Oculomotor Muscles, Pyridines - adverse effects, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Vision, Binocular - physiology