26 July 2018 : Case report
Effectivness of Clonidine in Treating Dexmedetomidine Withdrawal in a Patient with Co-Existing Psychiatric Illness: A Case Report
Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment
Adham Mohamed1EF*, Sara Mahmoud1EF, Mohamed O. Saad1EF, Khaled Gazwi2EF, Moustafa Elshafei2EF, Rasha Al Anany1EFDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.908566
Am J Case Rep 2018; 19:875-879
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a sedating agent approved for use in non-intubated patients and procedural sedation due to its efficacy in conscious sedation and minimal risks of respiratory depression. Previous reports proved the effectiveness of clonidine in treatment of withdrawal symptoms, but none have discussed cases with co-existing non-controlled psychiatric illness and prolonged duration of dexmedetomidine exposure.
CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with viral meningitis. Due to her complicated psychiatric illness and viral meningitis, she developed severe agitation unresponsive to standard therapy. The patient had to be placed on dexmedetomidine, to which she developed dependence. There were several attempts to gradually withdraw dexmedetomidine but these were unsuccessful despite adding multiple antipsychotic medications. Withdrawal was manifested in multiple symptoms, including severe agitation, sweating, and tachycardia. Clonidine was used and was an effective treatment option to successfully withdraw the patient from dexmedetomidine. A smaller initial dose was used due to low baseline systolic blood pressure, which was successful.
CONCLUSIONS: This report proves that clonidine is an effective option for treatment of dexmedetomidine dependence compared to other antipsychotic agents. The present report is the first to discuss severe psychiatric illness and prolonged dexmedetomidine duration (>7 days) in a non-intubated patient. Dexmedetomidine withdrawal must be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with psychiatric illness, which can be easily treated with clonidine.
Keywords: Clonidine, Critical Care
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