Spinal Cord Ischemia Because of Microvascular Thrombosis in a Patient with Necrotizing Pancreatitis. Case Report and Literature Review

BACKGROUND: Central nervous system ischemia in acute pancreatitis is rare with only a handful of cases reported in the literature. We report a case of spinal cord ischemia due to microvascular thrombosis complicating acute on chronic pancreatitis.
CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old male was transferred to a university hospital intensive care unit with a diagnosis of acute onset chronic pancreatitis, paraplegia, and multi-organ failure. Laboratory studies showed elevated serum amylase activity and leukocytosis. The patient deteriorated quickly and anemia with thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities developed. Computed tomography showed large pancreatic pseudocyst and ischemic lesions in abdominal organs. Symptoms of paraplegia preceded by the bilateral paresis were noted 7 days from the onset of his disease and magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemia involving the central part of the medullary cone resulting from microvascular thrombosis. The patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and repeated surgery with a number of complications but 2 months later was discharged to rehabilitation center due to persistent neurologic deficit.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe pancreatitis and multiorgan failure requiring intensive care should undergo routine neurological examination to identify and treat deficits early.

Keywords: Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation, Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing, Spinal Cord Ischemia, Thrombotic Microangiopathies