17 January 2021>: Articles
Pediatric Fulminant Cerebellitis Is Still a Fatal Disease that We Know Little About! Two Case Reports and a Literature Review
Unusual clinical course, Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare disease
Hakem Alomani A* , Muhammad Arshad E , Mahmoud Elzonfly B , Ali Ahmad Aldakhil B , Abdullah H. Alharbi B , Abdulrahman Alasqah B , Bandar Rashed Alfheed C , Hesham Aldhalaan ADOI: 10.12659/AJCR.928370
Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e928370
Table 1. Summary and findings of case reports in the literature review of fulminant cerebellitis (total 11 cases).
Author | Country | Publication year | Age in yrs | Gender | Presenting symptoms | Neurological findings | CSF study |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wege L. et al. | Poland | 2010 | 4 | Boy | Headache VomitingGait disorderNo fever | Ataxia | Unremarkable |
De Mendoca J. et al. | Brazil | 2005 | 11 | Girl | HeadacheVomitingNo Fever | Normal | Not done |
De Mendoca J. et al. | Brazil | 2005 | 9 | Boy | HeadacheVomitingNo Fever | Neck stiffness | Not done |
Kamat M. et al. | India | 2009 | 9 | Boy | HeadacheVomitingGait disorder fever | AtaxiaBilateral RectalPalsyPapilledema | Unremarkable |
Elad L. et al. | USA | 2001 | 13 | Girl | HeadacheGait disorder | Fixed dilated pupils | Unremarkable |
De Ribaupierre S. et al. | Switzerland | 2005 | 6 | Girl | Headache Vomiting Photophobia | Normal | Unremarkable |
Kornreich L. et al. | Israel | 2016 | 3 | Girl | FeverAbnormal gaitSlow speech | Decrease tone in Rt upper and lower limbs | Unremarkable |
Kornreich L. et al. | Israel | 2016 | 5 | Boy | Abnormal gaitVomiting | Ataxia | Unremarkable |
Kornreich L. et al. | Israel | 2016 | 7 | Girl | HeadacheVomiting | AtaxiaTorticollis | Unremarkable |
Kornreich L. et al. | Israel | 2016 | 9 | Boy | HeadacheVomitingPhotophobia | normal | Positive for HSV (serology) |
De Ribaupierre S. et al. | Switzerland | 2005 | 14 | Girl | Headache photophobia nausea | Normal | Unremarkable |
Author | Brain image finding | Medical intervention | Surgical intervention | Outcome | Remarks | ||
Wege L. et al. | CT: Dilated supratentorial ventricular system.Swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres.Cerebellar tonsillar herniation | IVIGOthers: Not clear | Decompressive craniotomy | SurvivedNo neurological deficit | |||
De Mendoca J. et al. | MRI: Swelling of Rt cerebellar hemisphere.Compressed 4 ventricleNO hydrocephalus | Antibiotic antiviral | None | SurvivedNo neurological deficit | Unilateral cerebellitis | ||
De Mendoca J. et al. | MRI: Swelling of Rt cerebellar hemisphere.Compressed 4 ventricleNO hydrocephalus | Antibiotic antiviral | None | SurvivedNo neurological deficit | Unilateral cerebellitis | ||
Kamat M. et al. | MRI: 4 ventricle obstruction.Hydrocephalus.Swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres | steroid | VP shunt | Died | Family refusedDecompressivecraniotomy | ||
Elad L. et al. | CT: Hydrocephalus with 4 ventricle obstruction. Diffused swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres | Mannitol steroid | VP shunt | Died | |||
De Ribaupierre S. et al. | CT: showed posterior fossa meningeal enhancement and diffuse cerebellar swelling, with a slight upward trans-tentorial and downward trans-foramen magnum herniation | Dexamethasone | VP shuntDecompressive craniotomyResection of cerebellar tonsils | SurvivedNo neurological deficit | Follow-up period: 19 months | ||
Kornreich L. et al. | MRI: Swelling of Rt cerebellar hemisphere | Steroid acyclovir | None | Survived With neurological deficit (Right hand tremor, mildmotor clumsiness, mild speech delay) | Follow-up period: 156 months | ||
Kornreich L. et al. | MRI: Diffuse Swelling, cerebellar hemispheres.Tonsillar herniation | SteroidDoxycyclineAcyclovir | None | SurvivedWith neurological deficit. (Ataxia, dysarthria) | Follow-up period: 7 months | ||
Kornreich L. et al. | MRI: Swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres.Mild Tonsillar herniation | SteroidMannitolAcyclovirAzithromycin | None | SurvivedWith NO neurological deficit | Follow-up period: 2 months | ||
Kornreich L. et al. | MRI: Diffused swelling of both cerebellar hemispheres. mild Tonsillar herniation | SteroidMannitolAcyclovirDoxycycline | VP shunt | SurvivedWith NO neurological deficit | Follow-up period: 34 months | ||
De Ribaupierre S. et al. | CT: showed fullness of the posterior fossa, slight upward trans-tentorial and downward transforamen magnum herniation and hydrocephalusMRI showed bilateral cerebellar hemisphere hyperintensities on fluid-attenuated conversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences | Dexamethasone | VP shuntDecompressive craniotomyResection of cerebellar tonsils | SurvivedNo neurological deficit | Follow-up period: 13 months |