14 May 2021>: Articles
Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Caused by Infective Endocarditis in a Patient with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): The Culprits and Bystanders
Rare disease
Faisal Khan A* , Neha Sharma A , Moin Ud Din A , Saloni Shirke A , Saima Abbas CDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.931376
Am J Case Rep 2021; 22:e931376
Table 1. Etiologies of convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Classification | Etiology |
---|---|
Vascular | Cerebral amyloid angiopathy |
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome | |
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome | |
Pial arteriovenous malformation | |
Dural arteriovenous fistula | |
Cavernoma | |
Cerebral venous thrombosis (dural and cortical) | |
Moya Moya disease | |
Cerebral vasculitis | |
Large vessel atherosclerosis | |
Internal carotid artery dissection or stenosis | |
Lupus vasculitis | |
Non-vascular | Infective endocarditis |
Brain abscesses () | |
Coagulation disorders (leukemia, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cirrhosis, aplastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, cryoglobulinemia) | |
Brain tumors (primary vs secondary) | |
Drugs (amphetamine, ephedra, cocaine) | |
Cardioembolism (atrial fibrillation, nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, patent foramen ovale, atrial myxoma) | |
Idiopathic | 14–35% |