09 February 2024: Articles
Recurrent Var. Bacteremia and Review of the Literature on : The First Case Report
Challenging differential diagnosis, Unusual or unexpected effect of treatment, Diagnostic / therapeutic accidents, Rare disease
Kazuhiro Ishikawa A , Ryo Hasegawa A , Keitaro Furukawa C , Fujimi Kawai A , Yuki Uehara A , Kiyofumi Ohkusu C , Nobuyoshi Mori A*DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.942553
Am J Case Rep 2024; 25:e942553
Table 2. Cases of Bacillus subtilis var. natto and Bacillus subtilis infection in abdominal infection.
| Case | Ref | Age (yrs) | Sex | Underlying diseases | Chief complaint | Diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tanaka [] (2022)7 | 56 | F | HTN | Abdominal pain | Lower gastrointestinal perforation, generalized peritonitis |
| 2 | Fujita [] (2022)24 | 77 | M | None | Diarrhea, narrowing of the stool | Colon cancer |
| 3 | Kato [] (2020) Japan9 | 70 | F | HD, DM, MM, severe COVID-19, taking tocilizumab and steroid | Low-grade fever | COVID-19 |
| 4 | Tokano [] (2022) Japan6 | 67 | F | Scleroderma, polymyositis, reflux esophagitis | Headache, LOC, fever | Meningitis/bacteremia |
| 5 | Takafuji [] (2021) Japan25 | 63 | M | Postoperative duodenal cancer, chemotherapy (S-1 and Oxaliplatin) | Fever, shock | Cholangitis/bacterial translocation/bacteremia |
| 6 | Tamura [] (2020) Japan26 | 75 | M | DM, HTN, cerebral hemorrhage | No data | Generalized peritonitis due to perforation of ascending colonic diverticulum |
| 7 | Tamura [] (2020) Japan26 | 66 | F | Constipation | No data | Fecal ileus, generalized peritonitis due to perforation of sigmoid colon |
| 8 | Tamura [] (2020) Japan26 | 85 | F | DM, HTN | No data | Obstructive ileus due to carcinoma of transverse colon, adhesive ileus |
| 9 | Nakagawa [] (2020) Japan27 | 50s | M | PD | Fever, abdominal pain, vomiting | PD peritonitis |
| 10 | Nishiyama [] (2016) Japan28 | 73 | F | No data | Fever, abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stool | Perforated peritonitis |
| 11 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 72 | M | HTN | No data | Cecal perforation |
| 12 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 96 | F | Postoperative appendicitis | No data | Ileus |
| 13 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 58 | M | HTN | No data | Ileus |
| 14 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 88 | F | HTN | No data | Colon perforation |
| 15 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 77 | F | Lung carcinoma | No data | Colon perforation |
| 16 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 82 | F | HTN | No data | Generalized peritonitis |
| 17 | Hashimoto [] (2017) Japan12 | 85 | M | Aortitis syndrome | No data | Diverticulitis |
| 18 | Wakasugi [] (2013) Japan29 | 81 | M | PSL for IP, lung adenocarcinoma, pneumothorax | Fever, bloody stool | Colon perforation |
| 19 | Shimizu [] (2020) Japan30 | 77 | F | Gastrostomy, PD, TAH, hypertension, stroke, CKD | Fever, vomiting | PD peritonitis |
| 20 | Ryoko [] (2003) Japan31 | 65 | F | DM | Systemic edema, pain | Colon perforation, necrotizing fasciitis |
| 21 | La Jeon [] (2012) Korea32 | 71 | M | Mild drinking habit, tuberculosis, COPD | Chest pain, dyspnea | Esophageal perforation |
| 22 | Stickel [] (2009) Switzerland33 | 78 | M | HTN, implantation of a hip endoprosthesis, appendectomy, cholecystectomy for cholecystolithiasis | Nausea, painless jaundice, light stools, dark brown urine, weight loss | Liver dysfunction |
| 23 | Stickel [] (2009) Switzerland33 | 50 | F | Cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis, vaginal hysterectomy for myoma of the uterus | Weakness, painless jaundice, fluctuating lower abdominal pain | Liver dysfunction |
| 24 | Oggioni [] (1998) Italy4 | 73 | M | CLL | Fever, mental confusion, diarrhea | Bacteremia due to probiotics |
| 25 | Wallet [] (1996) France34 | 15 | M | Polycystic kidney and liver disease, azathioprine, PSL and cyclosporine for renal transplantation, cholangitis due to | Fever, abdominal pain | Cholangitis |
| 26 | Richard [] (1988) Belgium35 | 47 | M | Head trauma, Bactisubtil (CHEPLAPHARM Arzneimittel GmbH, Greifswald, Germany) administration | No data | Bacteremia |
| 27 | Richard [] (1988) Belgium35 | 25 | M | Head trauma, Bactisubtil administration | No data | Bacteremia |
| 28 | Richard [] (1988) Belgium35 | 63 | F | Endometrial carcinoma, Bactisubtil administration | No data | Bacteremia |
| 29 | Richard [] (1988) Belgium35 | 79 | F | Stroke, Bactisubtil administration | No data | Bacteremia |
| 30 | Our case (2020) Japan | 41 | F | Congenital liver fibrosis, splenectomy for splenomegaly due to portal HT N, recurrent cholangitis caused, var. natto bacteremia | Fever | Bacteremia, portal vein pyogenic thrombophlebitis |
| HD – hemodialysis; DM – diabetes; MM – multiple myeloma; COVID-19 – coronavirus disease 2019; LOC – loss of consciousness; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HTN – hypertension; – ; PD – peritoneal dialysis; – ; – ; – ; – ; S – susceptible; R – resistant; PSL – prednisolone; CSF – cerebrospinal fluid; IP – intestinal pneumoniae; TAH – total abdominal hysterectomy; – ; – ; CLL – chronic lymphocytic leukemia; – ; VCM – vancomycin; MEPM – meropenem; SBT/CPZ – cefoperazone/sulbactam; MNZ – metronidazole; AMPH-B – amphotericin-B; CLDM – clindamycin; CMZ – cefmetazole; CEZ – cefazoline; GM – gentamycin; P/T – piperacillin/tazobactam; FLCZ – fluconazole; TEIC – teicoplanin; GRNX – garenoxacin; ABPC – ampicillin; IMP/CS – imipenem/cilastatin; EM – erythromycin; LVFX – levofloxacin; ABPC/SBT – ampicillin/sulbactam; DPM – doripenem; CAZ – ceftazidime; TOB – tobramycin; CPFX – ciprofloxacin; LZD – linezolid; PCG – penicillin G; RFP – rifampicin; ST – trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CTRX – ceftriaxone; MFLX – moxifloxacin; AMK – amikacin; FQ – fluroquinolone; AG – aminoglycoside; CTX – cefotaxime; CPZ – cefoperazone; CCL – cefaclor; GERD – gastroesophageal reflux disease. | ||||||
| Case | Clinical specimens/pathogen | Susceptibility | Management | Antimicrobial used | Prognosis | |
| 1 | Blood/ var. | PCG S, ABPC S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, LVFX S | Surgery | PIPC/TAZ+TEIC→ ABPC/SBT | Survived | |
| 2 | Blood/ | No data | Antimicrobial, drainage | VCM+CMZ | Survived | |
| 3 | Blood/ var. | No data | Antimicrobial | VCM | Survived | |
| 4 | Blood, CSF/ var. | PCG S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, VCM S, LVFX S, ST S | Antimicrobial | VCM+MEPM | Survived | |
| 5 | Blood/ | No data | Antimicrobial | SBT/CPZ→ MNZ+VCM+AMPH-B | No data | |
| 6 | Blood/ | No data | Surgery | MEPM+CLDM | Survived | |
| 7 | Blood/, | No data | Surgery+endotoxin adsorption therapy | MEPM | Survived | |
| 8 | Blood/ | No data | Surgery | CMZ+MNZ | No data | |
| 9 | PD fluid/ | VCM S | Removal of catheter, transpercutaneous drainage | LVFX+CAZ→ CEZ+GM→ VCM+P/T→ VCM+P/T+FLCZ→ VCM+MEPM+MCFG→ VCM+A/S+MCFG | Survived | |
| 10 | Blood, ascites/, , , | No data | Surgery, drainage | MEPM→ PIPC/TAZ+TEIC→ GRNX | Survived | |
| 11 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | MEPM | Survived | |
| 12 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | ABPC/SBT | Survived | |
| 13 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM I, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | DRPM | Survived | |
| 14 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM I, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | ABPC/SBT | Survived | |
| 15 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | MEPM | Survived | |
| 16 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | MEPM | Survived | |
| 17 | No data/ | ABPC S, CEZ S, IMP/CS S, GM S, EM S, CLDM S, VCM S, LVFX S | No data | PIPC/TAZ | Survived | |
| 18 | Blood, stool/ | No data | Surgery for perforation | No data | Died | |
| 19 | PD fluid/ | No data | Antimicrobial | CAZ+TOB | Survived | |
| 20 | Abscess/, | No data | Surgery | No data | No data | |
| 21 | Blood, pleural fluid/, | Cefoxitin S, CPFX S, CLDM S, R, EM S, R, LZD S, PCG S, R, RFP S, R, TEIC S, ST S, VCM S, R, GM S | Exploratory thoracotomy, drainage | CTRX+CLDM+GM→ MFLX+CLDM→ CLDM+TEIC | No data | |
| 22 | (non-bacteremia, probiotics containing ) | Stop probiotics | Survived | |||
| 23 | (non-bacteremia, probiotics containing ) | Stop probiotics | Survived | |||
| 24 | Blood/ | PCG R, EM R, RFP R, novobiocin R in day 1 and day 19, RFP S, novobiocin S, chloramphenicol R in day 16 | DiscontinueAntimicrobial | IMPM/CS→ cessation→ CAZ+AMK+VCM+IVIG | Died | |
| 25 | Bile/ | PCG R, ABPC R, PIPC R, CTX R, EM R, AG S, ST S, FQ S, VCM S | Antimicrobial | CPFX | Cured | |
| 26 | Blood/ | No data | No data | CPZ | Died | |
| 27 | Blood/ | No data | No data | EM | Survived | |
| 28 | Blood/ | No data | No data | EM | Survived | |
| 29 | Blood/ | No data | No data | PCG | Survived | |
| 30 | Blood/ var. | Table 1 | Antimicrobial | PIPC/TAZ→ MEPM→ CCL | Survived | |
| HD – hemodialysis; DM – diabetes; MM – multiple myeloma; COVID-19 – coronavirus disease 2019; LOC – loss of consciousness; COPD – chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HTN – hypertension; – ; PD – peritoneal dialysis; – ; – ; – ; – ; S – susceptible; R – resistant; PSL – prednisolone; CSF – cerebrospinal fluid; IP – intestinal pneumoniae; TAH – total abdominal hysterectomy; – ; – ; CLL – chronic lymphocytic leukemia; – ; VCM – vancomycin; MEPM – meropenem; SBT/CPZ – cefoperazone/sulbactam; MNZ – metronidazole; AMPH-B – amphotericin-B; CLDM – clindamycin; CMZ – cefmetazole; CEZ – cefazoline; GM – gentamycin; P/T – piperacillin/tazobactam; FLCZ – fluconazole; TEIC – teicoplanin; GRNX – garenoxacin; ABPC – ampicillin; IMP/CS – imipenem/cilastatin; EM – erythromycin; LVFX – levofloxacin; ABPC/SBT – ampicillin/sulbactam; DPM – doripenem; CAZ – ceftazidime; TOB – tobramycin; CPFX – ciprofloxacin; LZD – linezolid; PCG – penicillin G; RFP – rifampicin; ST – trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; CTRX – ceftriaxone; MFLX – moxifloxacin; AMK – amikacin; FQ – fluroquinolone; AG – aminoglycoside; CTX – cefotaxime; CPZ – cefoperazone; CCL – cefaclor; GERD – gastroesophageal reflux disease. | ||||||