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28 July 2016 : Case report  USA

A Neonate with Susceptibility to Long QT Syndrome Type 6 who Presented with Ventricular Fibrillation and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death

Challenging differential diagnosis, Rare disease, Educational Purpose (only if useful for a systematic review or synthesis)

Charles W. SauerAEF, Krishelle L. Marc-AureleAEF

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.898327

Am J Case Rep 2016; 17:544-548

Abstract

BACKGROUND: This is a case of a neonate with susceptibility to long QT syndrome (LQTS) who presented with a sudden unexpected infant death. Experts continue to debate whether universal electrocardiogram (ECG) screening of all newborns is feasible, practical, and cost-effective.

CASE REPORT: A 19-day-old neonate was found unresponsive by her mother. ECG showed ventricular fibrillation and a combination of a lidocaine drip plus multiple defibrillations converted the rhythm to normal sinus. Unfortunately, MRI brain imaging showed multiple infarcts and EEG showed burst suppression pattern with frequent seizures; life supportive treatment was stopped and the infant died. Genetic testing revealed two mutations in the KCNE2 gene consistent with susceptibility to LQTS type 6.

CONCLUSIONS: We believe this case is the first to demonstrate both a precipitating electrocardiographic and genetic cause of death for an infant with LQTS, showing a cause-and-effect relationship between LQTS mutation, ventricular arrhythmia, and death. We wonder whether universal ECG newborn screening to prevent LQTS death could have saved this baby.

Keywords: Echocardiography, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA - genetics, Electrocardiography, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, genetic testing, Heart Conduction System - physiopathology, Infant, Newborn, Long QT Syndrome - genetics, Mutation, Potassium Channels, Voltage-Gated - metabolism, Sudden Infant Death - etiology, Ventricular Fibrillation - genetics

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923