06 December 2019 : Case report
A Rare Case of Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma Presenting as a Cardiac Mass
Rare disease
Patrick Yousif1ABCDEF*, Aditya Kotecha1CEF, Ajit Thakur1CDEFG, Hassan M. Ismail1ACDOI: 10.12659/AJCR.917159
Am J Case Rep 2019; 20:1821-1825
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Primary mediastinal diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) presenting as a large intracardiac tumor is extremely rare and has not been significantly reported in the literature. Cardiac lymphoma consists of 2 subtypes: mediastinal DLBCL invading the heart and primary cardiac lymphoma. Both subtypes have a poor prognosis and are treated similarly. Mediastinal DLBCL is a life-threatening condition that, if diagnosed early, has a better survival rate. This is a rare case of a mediastinal DLBCL invading the right atrium as a large intracardiac mass, causing partial obstruction of the tricuspid valve without hemodynamic compromise.
CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old female presented with unintentional weight loss, fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and cough for 8 weeks. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed a mass (3.5×3.5 cm) in the posterior wall of the right atrium partially obstructing the tricuspid valve. Biopsy revealed DLBCL. Given new-onset lymphoma, a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test was done and came back positive. CD4 count was 100 cells/mm³. Chemotherapy was initiated with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP). Highly active anti-retroviral (HAART) therapy was started for HIV. After treatment with R-CHOP and HAART, the patient had complete resolution of the mass and symptoms on follow-up imaging and evaluation at 6 months.
CONCLUSIONS: Mediastinal DLBCL invading the heart is a life-threatening form of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and early diagnosis and treatment is critical as prognosis is poor especially if diagnosed in later stages of the disease. Testing for HIV is important as 5% of HIV patients are susceptible to developing NHL.
Keywords: Lymphoma, AIDS-Related, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cough, Cyclophosphamide, Diagnosis, Differential, Dyspnea, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Fatigue, HIV Infections, Heart Neoplasms, Mediastinal Neoplasms, Prednisone, rituximab, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, Vincristine, Weight Loss
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