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01 June 2020 : Case report  Ecuador

Bronchial Visualization of Tetanic Contractions: A Case Report

Unusual clinical course

Killen H. Briones-Claudett123ABCDEF*, Mónica H. Briones-Claudett23ABCDE, Roger A. Murillo Vasconez23ABCD, Andrea Escudero-Requena23ABCD, Killen H. Briones Zamora4ACEF, Diana C. Briones Marquez1ACDF, Jaime Benites Sólis5ACDEF, Michelle Grunauer67ACDEFG

DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.923349

Am J Case Rep 2020; 21:e923349

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tetanus is a potentially fatal infectious disease which, during its evolution, creates multiple complications, usually requiring intensive management and care.

CASE REPORT: We present a clinical case of a 59-year-old male patient with generalized tetanus admitted to the intensive care unit. Flexible bronchoscopy revealed contraction of the bronchial demonstrating that tetany existed at the respiratory level, which rarely becomes evident. The clinical manifestations included trismus, facial paralysis, neck stiffness, and compromised respiratory function. The patient presented a state of respiratory failure that required invasive mechanical ventilation which was evaluated by bronchoscopy and that showed spasms of the bronchial musculature. The patient presented generalized tetanus in which the bronchial affectation was evaluated by bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit. In developed countries, the anti-tetanus toxoid vaccine has ostensibly decreased its incidence, while it is endemic in developing countries, and although there are measures such as vaccination that try to reduce its incidence, in Ecuador there is an increase in incidences. In this patient case, contraction of the bronchial rings was observed, demonstrating that tetany existed at the respiratory level, which rarely becomes evident.

CONCLUSIONS: Although muscular contractions are widespread, this clinical case evidences bronchial spams reported and visualized by bronchoscopy.

Keywords: Bronchial Spasm, Clostridium tetani, Tetanus Toxin, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bronchoscopy, Ecuador, Intensive Care Units, tetanus, Tetanus Toxoid, Tetany

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American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923
American Journal of Case Reports eISSN: 1941-5923